Bacterial spores in spices and dried herbs: The risks for processed food

Production and world consumption of spices are constantly increasing. Although the antimicrobial properties of some spices are well documented, their use in the agri-food industry is also responsible for microbial contamination and spoilage. Bacterial spores introduced by spices can withstand different preparation processes, particularly thermal treatments, leading to food alterations during storage. This review brings together data from the literature about the prevalence and concentrations of spore-forming bacteria in all commercially available spices. The sporeformers found in spices belong mainly to the genera Bacillus and Clostridium. Such contaminations are very common and sometimes reach high levels, as in pepper and turmeric. Bacillus licheniformis and Bacillus cereus are the most frequently detected species. Studying the harvesting, processing, and storage procedures for spices provides elements to explain why high prevalence and concentrations are observed. Spices are mostly produced in developing countries on small farms using traditional production methods. Spices become contaminated by bacterial spores in two main ways: by contact with soil during harvesting or drying, as for pepper, or by cross-contamination during the water-cooking step, as for turmeric. From these observations, we propose some recommendations. Different methods that can be used to eliminate bacterial spores from spices are presented indicating their efficiency and the limitations of their use.     

印刷电路板缺陷检测的实际应用

电路板在我们的日常生活中非常常见,这就使得印刷电路板的缺陷检测显得尤为重要。AOI作为新兴的检测PCB板缺陷的系统,在生产实际中正在被大家熟知并且应用。相较于传统的检测方式,AOI系统比较灵活,无论是在检测时间还是系统运算上,或者是对相关技术人员的要求相较于传统方式都比较有优势,本文就AOI系统在实际中的应用展开讨论,分析并且介绍了在实际应用中的具体细则。     

栲胶法变换气脱硫工艺

介绍了栲胶法脱硫的原理，工艺流程及规整填料在脱硫塔中的应用。     

掺炼糠醛抽出油生产高质量沥青

掺炼糠醛抽出油，改变了丙烷脱沥青装置原料性质，通过调整部分操作参数，可提高轻脱油和重脱油的收率，改善脱油沥青质量，直接生产出合格的高标号道路沥青。     

天然调味料──酵母抽提物的研究进展

着重论述了酵母抽提物的特性、在食品中的应用前景、制造方法、工业化生产中存在的问题及其解决方法，并对酵母抽提物的发展方向作一展望。     

EVALUATION OF BARLEY AND MALT QUALITY USING NEAR-INFRARED REFLECTANCE TECHNIQUES

A scanning near-infrared reflectance spectrophotometer was calibrated for the prediction of barley aleurone colour and malt moisture. The malt moisture was predicted on malt ground for the determination of malt extract (coarse grind) making the method suitable for moisture correction in malt extract estimation. Calibrations for the prediction of malt extract and endosperm modification from barley and malt were also attempted. A correlation (r= 0.851 n = 135) was found between malt hot water extract and the percentage of the endosperm estimated as being modified by microscopy following staining with Calcofluor. Probably because of this influence of modification on malt extract, the use of near-infrared reflectance to predict malt extract was most successful at predicting the malt extract values obtained following micro-malting in the absence of the additives, gibberellic acid and potassium bromate.     

基于自组织神经网络的实时统计特征抽取方法

应用人工神经网络讨论统计了特征抽取的原理，提出了相应的抽取方法。该方法具有实时性，容错性，高数据压缩率和良好的特征分辨率。通过计算机仿真和桥梁索力状态的实例计算分析证实了该技术具有广泛的应用价值。     

异构数据集成采集交换平台中安全审计技术的设计与实现

以自行开发的基于异构数据源通用ETLA工具为背景,讨论了其审计监控子系统的设计方法和实现.该子系统具有完整的审计安全保护、监控整个数据的ETLA过程和日志分析功能.